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NEET NEET Questions — Free MCQ Practice

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Which of the following statements are correct with respect to aneuploidy?

(i) Aneuploidy is caused due to failure of segregation of chromatids

(ii) Aneuploidy is caused by due to failure of segregation of alleles

(iii) Aneuploidy results into loss or gain of chromosomes.

(iv) Aneuploidy always results into gain of chromosomes.

(v). Down’s syndrome is caused due to aneuploidy in chromosome 21.

A.

(i), (iv) and (v)

B.

(ii), (iii) and (v)

C.

(i), (ii) and (iv)

D.

(i), (iii) and (v)

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 90

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Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Polyploidy is caused due to failure of cytokinesis after telophase.

(ii) polyploidy results into increase in number of autosomes

(iii) Turner’s syndrome is an example of polyploidy

(iv) polyploidy results into an increase in a whole set of chromosomes

A.

(i) and (ii)

B.

(i) and (iii)

C.

(ii) and (iii)

D.

(i) and (iv)

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 90

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A man who is achondroplastic dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman of normal height. The man's father was six feet tall, and both the woman's parents were of average height. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is X- linked recessive. What proportion of their sons would be color-blind and of normal height ?

A.

All

B.

None

C.

Half

D.

One out of four

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The equivalent of a structural gene is

A.

muton

B.

cistron

C.

operon

D.

recon

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Explanation

Cistron is the segment of DNA which determines the synthesis of complete polypeptide. Thus, it is considered as equiaveltn to a structural gene. Therefore, option is correct and others are incorrect.

Concept Enhancer - Eukaryotic structural gene is monocistronic whereas prokaryotic structural gene is polycistronic.

Muton - Smallest unit of DNA in which mutation occurs.

Operon - Functional unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under condtrol of single promoter.

Recon - Smallest unit of DNA for recombination.

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DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on one strand of the DNA which is called the

A.

template strand

B.

coding strand

C.

alpha strand

D.

anti strand

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Explanation

DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on one strand of the DNA called a template strand.

A template can be considered as one of those strands of DNA which decodes its information directly through RNA polymerase.

This information is then restored within the RNA molecule and transferred outside the nucleus for protein synthesis within the cytoplasm.

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Which of the following is not required for any of the techniques of DNA fingerprinting available at present ?

A.

Zinc finger analysis

B.

Restriction enzymes

C.

DNA-DNA hybridisation

D.

Polymerase chain reaction

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Explanation

A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterised by the co-ordination of one or more Zn ions in order to stabilise the folds.

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Removal of RNA polymerase III from nucleoplasm will affect the synthesis of

A.

tRNA

B.

hnRNA

C.

mRNA

D.

rRNA

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Explanation

RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA, RNA poly II synthesis mRNA while RNA poly I synthesis rRNA in eukaryotes.

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Which one of the following is not a part of a transcription unit in DNA?

A.

The inducer

B.

A terminator

C.

A promoter

D.

The structural gene

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Explanation

Transcription unit consists of promoter, structural gene and terminator. The inducer (lactose/allolactose) is not a component of transcription unit.

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If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence as ATCTG, what would be the complementary RNA strand sequence?

A.

TTAGU

B.

UAGAC

C.

AACTG

D.

ATCGU

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Explanation

If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence as ATCTG, the complementary sequence of mRNA will be UAGAC.

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Removal of introns and joining of exons in a defined order during transcription is called

A.

looping

B.

inducing

C.

slicing

D.

splicing

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Explanation

The primary transcript from a typical eukaryotic gene contains introns as well as exons. During RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order, to produce functional RNA.

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