NEET Practice Questions (MCQs) with Answers & Solutions

The NCERT describes: 'Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.'

The NCERT highlights: 'Further, the recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses as is common in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.' Also, the summary mentions 'Since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from risk of infection as was observed in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.'

The NCERT poses the question: 'Think about whether insulin can be orally administered to diabetic people or not. Why?' While not explicitly answered in the provided text, general biological knowledge (consistent with NEET level) indicates that peptide hormones like insulin are broken down by digestive enzymes (proteases) in the stomach and small intestine, rendering them ineffective if taken orally.

The NCERT states: 'Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges (Figure 10.3).'

The NCERT states: 'Human insulin is made in bacteria yet its structure is absolutely identical to that of the natural molecule.' This identity is achieved by using the precise genetic code for human insulin, as Eli Lilly 'prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin'.

The NCERT states: 'At present, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human-use the world over.'

The NCERT states in the CHEMICAL_COORDINATION_AND_INTEGRATION chapter: 'The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called $\alpha$-cells and $\beta$-cells. The $\alpha$-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the $\beta$-cells secrete insulin.'

According to the NCERT text, 'A rigid body is said to be in mechanical equilibrium, if both its linear momentum and angular momentum are not changing with time, or equivalently, the body has neither linear acceleration nor angular acceleration.'

The NCERT text states: '(1) the total force, i.e. the vector sum of the forces, on the rigid body is zero; $\sum \vec{F_i} = 0$' for translational equilibrium. If the total force on the body is zero, then the total linear momentum of the body does not change with time.

As per the NCERT text: '(2) The total torque, i.e. the vector sum of the torques on the rigid body is zero, $\sum \vec{\tau_i} = 0$.' This is the condition for rotational equilibrium. If the total torque on the rigid body is zero, the total angular momentum of the body does not change with time.