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A bacterium is observed to take up the Gram stain. This characteristic indicates that the bacterium is:
The NCERT defines: 'those that take up the gram stain are Gram positive'.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the prokaryotic cell envelope?
The text states 'prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane except in mycoplasma.' This means not all prokaryotes have a cell wall, making the statement 'rigid cell wall in all prokaryotes' incorrect.
Mesosomes, a specialized differentiated form of cell membrane, are characteristic of prokaryotes and are essentially:
The NCERT text describes mesosomes as 'A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called mesosome is the characteristic of prokaryotes. They are essentially infoldings of cell membrane'.
What is the nature of the glycocalyx if it forms a loose sheath around the bacterial cell?
The text states: 'It could be a loose sheath called the slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and tough, called the capsule'.
Which of the following describes the initial process of urine formation in the nephron?
The text states, 'Urine formation involves three main processes, i.e., filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Filtration is a non-selective process performed by the glomerulus using the glomerular capillary blood pressure.'
The Malpighian corpuscle (renal corpuscle) is structurally composed of which two parts?
According to the NCERT text, 'The Bowman’s capsule encloses the glomerulus to form Malpighian or renal corpuscle.'
Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is correct?
The text explicitly states, 'Filtration is a non-selective process performed by the glomerulus using the glomerular capillary blood pressure.'
The filtrate formed in Bowman's capsule is largely similar in composition to blood plasma, with the key exception of which component?
Although not directly stated in this excerpt for 'filtration', the comparison to dialysis and common knowledge implies that proteins, due to their large size, are generally not filtered. The text 'Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule' from the exercises implicitly supports this.
Which structure in the nephron is a tuft of capillaries responsible for blood filtration?
The text states, 'Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed from afferent arterioles, fine branches of renal artery.'
What is the primary role of the juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA)?
The text says, 'JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR back to normal,' highlighting its role in GFR regulation.
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The bank mixes NEET previous year questions (PYQs) with practice questions, each tagged with its exam appearances where applicable.