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For a mixture of non-interacting ideal gases, the total pressure is equal to:
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Section 12.3) mentions, 'the total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is the sum of partial pressures.' This is also known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
The Boltzmann constant ($k_B$) is related to the universal gas constant (R) and Avogadro's number ($N_A$) by which of the following equations?
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Summary point 1) directly gives the relation: $k_B = R/N_A$.
Which of the following is NOT a state variable?
The NCERT text (Chapter: THERMODYNAMICS_Physics, Section 11.7 and Section 6 of point list) explicitly states, 'Examples of state variables are pressure (P ), volume (V ), temperature (T ), and mass (m ). Heat and work are not state variables.'
The internal energy (E) of an ideal gas depends solely on which of the following variables?
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Section 12.4.2) states, 'internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature, not on pressure or volume.' This is also implied when discussing $C_v$ in Chapter: THERMODYNAMICS_Physics, Section 11.7, where U of an ideal gas depends only on temperature.
If you compare experimental P-V curves for a real gas with theoretical curves predicted by Boyle's law, when is the agreement between them typically good?
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Section 12.3) mentions, 'Once again you see that the agreement is good at high temperatures and low pressures' when comparing experimental P-V curves with Boyle's law.
What is the physical quantity represented by N k_B T in the ideal gas equation, where N is the number of molecules and k_B is the Boltzmann constant?
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Summary point 1) gives the ideal gas equation as PV = µRT = k_B N T. Therefore, N k_B T represents the product of pressure and volume (PV).
In a mixture of gases at a fixed temperature, what can be said about the average speed of molecules with different masses?
The NCERT text (Chapter: KINETIC_THEORY, Summary point 2) states, 'In a mixture of gases at a fixed temperature the heavier molecule has the lower average speed.' This is because the average kinetic energy ($1/2 m v^2$) is the same for all molecules at a given temperature, so if 'm' is larger, 'v' must be smaller.
Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of cooling of a body is proportional to:
The NCERT text states: 'According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate of loss of heat, $-dQ/dt$ of the body is directly proportional to the difference of temperature $\Delta T = (T_2 - T_1)$ of the body and the surroundings.'
Which of the following conditions is necessary for Newton's Law of Cooling to hold good?
The text explicitly mentions: 'The law holds good only for small difference of temperature.'
When ice is melting at $0^{\circ}C$, what happens to its temperature even though heat is flowing into it?
The introductory part of the chapter mentions: 'You will also learn what happens when water boils or freezes, and its temperature does not change during these processes even though a great deal of heat is flowing into or out of it.' This refers to the phase change process, where temperature remains constant during melting/freezing.
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