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Heat transfer between a system and its surroundings occurs when:
The text states: '...when the temperature of body... and its surrounding medium are different, heat transfer takes place between the system and the surrounding medium, until the body and the surrounding medium are at the same temperature.'
Historically, before the modern concept, how was heat often regarded?
The Thermodynamics chapter states: 'Historically, it took a long time to arrive at the proper concept of ‘heat’. Before the modern picture, heat was regarded as a fine invisible fluid filling in the pores of a substance. On contact between a hot body and a cold body, the fluid (called caloric) flowed from the colder to the hotter body!'
Which of the following describes the vascular bundles in a monocotyledonous root?
The context states: 'When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called radial such as in roots.' It also notes for monocotyledons, 'the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them. Hence, since they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as closed.' Combining these, monocot roots have radial and closed vascular bundles.
Regarding the pith in monocotyledonous roots, which statement is correct?
According to the NCERT text, 'Pith is large and well developed' in monocotyledonous roots, in contrast to dicot roots where the pith is 'small or inconspicuous.'
What is a distinguishing characteristic of the number of xylem bundles in a monocot root as compared to a dicot root?
The text explicitly states: 'As compared to the dicot root which have fewer xylem bundles, there are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root.'
Which of the following structures is absent in the vascular bundles of monocotyledonous roots, preventing secondary growth?
The text states: 'In the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them. Hence, since they do not form secondary tissues they are referred to as closed.'
The tissue organization of a monocotyledonous root includes which of the following components?
The NCERT text details the anatomy of the monocot root: 'It has epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles and pith.' It further specifies 'Pith is large and well developed.'
The Casparian strips, containing suberin, are present in the endodermis of monocot roots, similar to dicot roots. What is their primary function?
The text mentions, 'The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of casparian strips.' This structure acts as a barrier, regulating what enters the stele.
Initiation of lateral roots in monocotyledonous roots, like dicot roots, takes place in which tissue?
The description for dicot roots states: 'Next to endodermis lies a few layers of thick-walled parenchyomatous cells referred to as pericycle. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells.' The context indicates that monocot root anatomy is 'similar to the dicot root in many respects,' implying the pericycle's role in lateral root initiation applies to monocots too, though secondary growth does not occur.
All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis in a monocot root, including the pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith, collectively constitute the:
The context defines stele as: 'All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele.'
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The bank mixes NEET previous year questions (PYQs) with practice questions, each tagged with its exam appearances where applicable.