Cell cycle and Cell Divisions MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

Mitosis is an equational division in which the chromosome number of the parent is conserved in the daughter cell. The genome is duplicated during S phase, and then precisely distributed to the two daughter cells, ensuring they contain intact and identical genomes.

According to the NCERT text, 'During anaphase II the sister chromatids separate.' This is a key distinguishing event of Anaphase II.

The NCERT states, 'Thus at the end of meiosis four haploid cells are formed.' and also, 'Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II.'

The NCERT text explicitly says, 'Meiosis II is similar to mitosis.'

The NCERT states, 'Telophase II: Meiosis ends with telophase II, in which the two groups of chromosomes once again get enclosed by a nuclear envelope.'

After Meiosis I, each cell is haploid but with duplicated chromosomes, so it's $n=2$ (since the parent was $2n=4$) and $2C$ DNA content. Meiosis II is equational, similar to mitosis; sister chromatids separate, reducing DNA content by half but maintaining the haploid chromosome number. Thus, for each newly formed cell, $n=2$ and $C=C$ (where $C$ is the DNA content of a haploid cell before S phase).

The NCERT mentions that 'recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes' occurs in Meiosis I (specifically Prophase I). Meiosis II does not involve crossing over.

The NCERT text states, 'Cytokinesis follows resulting in the formation of tetrad of cells i.e., four haploid daughter cells'.

In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. So, from $2n=6$, each cell after Meiosis I will have $n=3$ chromosomes. These chromosomes are still replicated, meaning each consists of two sister chromatids. Thus, 3 chromosomes, each with two chromatids.

Similar to Metaphase in mitosis, chromosomes align at the equatorial plate during Metaphase II in meiosis. Although not explicitly detailed for Metaphase II, the similarity to mitosis implies this alignment as a characteristic event.