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Hereditary and Variation MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

Practice free Hereditary and Variation (Botany) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.

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Elongated sickle like structure of RBC is produced by

Platelets deposition on the outer surface of RBC

Reduced surface tension

Polymerisation of mutant haemoglobin under high oxygen tension.

Polymerisation of mutant haemoglobin under low oxygen tension.

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 89

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Sickle cell anaemic person will have

Abnormal beta globin chain and sickle shaped RBC

Normal beta globin chain and sickle shaped RBC

Abnormal beta globin chain and biconcave RBC

Normal beta globin chain and biconcave RBC

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 89

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Mental retardation is associated with

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Haemophilia

Cystic fibrosis

Phenylketonuria

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 90

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Which of the following statements are correct with respect to aneuploidy?

(i) Aneuploidy is caused due to failure of segregation of chromatids

(ii) Aneuploidy is caused by due to failure of segregation of alleles

(iii) Aneuploidy results into loss or gain of chromosomes.

(iv) Aneuploidy always results into gain of chromosomes.

(v). Down’s syndrome is caused due to aneuploidy in chromosome 21.

(i), (iv) and (v)

(ii), (iii) and (v)

(i), (ii) and (iv)

(i), (iii) and (v)

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 90

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Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Polyploidy is caused due to failure of cytokinesis after telophase.

(ii) polyploidy results into increase in number of autosomes

(iii) Turner’s syndrome is an example of polyploidy

(iv) polyploidy results into an increase in a whole set of chromosomes

(i) and (ii)

(i) and (iii)

(ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iv)

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Explanation

NCERT Page No. 90

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A man who is achondroplastic dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman of normal height. The man's father was six feet tall, and both the woman's parents were of average height. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is X- linked recessive. What proportion of their sons would be color-blind and of normal height ?

All

None

Half

One out of four

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Point mutation involves

insertion

change in single base pair

duplication

deletion

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Explanation

The point mutations involve alterations in the structure of gene by altering the structure of DNA. Point mutations are of two types – (i) base pair substitution and (ii) frameshift substitution.

Insertion is the addition of one or more nitrogenous bases to a nucleotide chain.

Duplication is the presence of one block of genes more than once in a haploid component.

Deletion is the removal of one or more nitrogenous bases from a nucleotide chain.

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Haploids are more suitable for mutation studies than the diploids. This is because

haploids are reproductively more stable than diploids

mutagenes penetrate in haploids more effectively than is diploids

haploids are more abundant in nature than diploids

all mutations, whether dominant or recessive are expressed in haploids

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Explanation

Haploid plants can be produced in large number by anther and ovary cultures. Haploids may be useful for isolation of mutants, since, even recessive mutant alleles will be expressed in the mutagen treated generation itself. Desirable mutants may be selected at the haploid level and their chromosome number may be doubled to obtain homozygous mutant lines in a single generation.

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Which of the following cannot be detected in a developing foetus by amniocentesis?

Klinefelter's syndrome

Sex of the foetus

Down's syndrome

Jaundice

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Explanation

(d) Amniocentesis is a foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. Jaundice is acondition not based on chromosomal pattern. It is a disease related to dysfunctions.

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What is amniocentesis?

I. A pre-natal, foetal determination test.

II. A post-natal foetal determination test

III. It is based on the chromosomal pattern of the amniotic fluid.

IV. It is based on the chromosomal pattern of the chorionic fluid.

V. It is based on the chromosomal pattern of the amniotic fluid and the seminal fluid

II, III

I, V

I, III

I, V

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Explanation

Amniocentesis is a pre-natal foetal sex determination test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. It is currently ban in India due to increasing female foeticide. (page- 58)

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