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Hereditary and Variation MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

Practice free Hereditary and Variation (Botany) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.

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Polygenic inheritance differs from Mendelian monohybrid inheritance in that polygenic inheritance:

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Explanation

The NCERT text specifies that 'Besides the involvement of multiple genes polygenic inheritance also takes into account the influence of environment.' Mendelian traits, as discussed, are generally distinct and do not explicitly highlight environmental influence in the same way.

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Which statement accurately defines polygenic inheritance?

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'Such traits are generally controlled by three or more genes and are thus called as polygenic traits. Besides the involvement of multiple genes polygenic inheritance also takes into account the influence of environment. ... in humans we don’t just have tall or short people as two distinct alternatives but a whole range of possible heights.'

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If an individual has the genotype AaBbCc for skin color (where A, B, C contribute to darker skin), what type of skin color would they likely have?

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Explanation

The NCERT text indicates: 'As expected the genotype with three dominant alleles and three recessive alleles will have an intermediate skin colour.' The genotype AaBbCc consists of three dominant and three recessive alleles.

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What is the primary difference in observable traits between Mendelian inheritance and polygenic inheritance?

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Explanation

The text contrasts them: 'Mendel’s studies mainly described those traits that have distinct alternate forms... But if you look around you will find that there are many traits which are not so distinct in their occurrence and are spread across a gradient.' This gradient is characteristic of polygenic inheritance.

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Which of the following phenomena leads to variation in DNA besides recombination?

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'In addition to recombination, mutation is another phenomenon that leads to variation in DNA.' This directly identifies mutation as a source of variation.

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Alterations in chromosomes, such as loss or gain of DNA segments, are commonly observed in which of the following conditions?

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Explanation

The NCERT text mentions: 'Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.' This highlights the association between chromosomal alterations and cancer.

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What type of mutation results from a change in a single base pair of DNA?

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text: 'mutation also arise due to change in a single base pair of DNA. This is known as point mutation.'

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Sickle cell anemia is a classical example of which type of mutation?

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'A classical example of such a mutation is sickle cell anemia', referring to point mutation from the previous sentence.

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Deletions and insertions of base pairs of DNA are responsible for causing which type of mutation?

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Explanation

The NCERT text mentions: 'Deletions and insertions of base pairs of DNA, causes frame-shift mutations'.

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What are chemical and physical factors that induce mutations collectively referred to as?

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'However, there are many chemical and physical factors that induce mutations. These are referred to as mutagens.'

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