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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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NEET 2025
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Given below are the stages in the life cycle of pteridophytes. Arrange the following stages in the correct sequence. A. Prothallus stage B. Meiosis in spore mother cells C. Fertilisation D. Formation of archegonia and antheridia in gametophyte E. Transfer of antherozoids to the archegonia in presence of water. Choose the correct answer:

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Explanation

Spore mother cells undergo meiosis (B) → spores germinate into the prothallus/gametophyte (A) → antheridia & archegonia form (D) → antherozoids reach archegonia in water (E) → fertilisation (C). Sequence B, A, D, E, C.

NEET 2025
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Which of the following organisms cannot fix nitrogen? A. Azotobacter, B. Oscillatoria, C. Anabaena, D. Volvox, E. Nostoc. Choose the correct answer:

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Explanation

Volvox is a colonial green alga and cannot fix nitrogen. Azotobacter, Oscillatoria, Anabaena and Nostoc are nitrogen-fixers.

NEET 2025
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Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA do not interact with mRNA.

Statement II: RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer:

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Explanation

tRNA and rRNA do interact with mRNA during translation, so Statement I is incorrect. RNAi is a conserved cellular defence in eukaryotes, so Statement II is correct.

NEET 2025
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Find the statement that is NOT correct with regard to the structure of monocot stem.

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Explanation

In a monocot stem the hypodermis is sclerenchymatous (not parenchymatous); the other statements are correct.

NEET 2025
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The correct sequence of events in the life cycle of bryophytes is: A. Fusion of antherozoid with egg. B. Attachment of gametophyte to substratum. C. Reduction division to produce haploid spores. D. Formation of sporophyte. E. Release of antherozoids into water. Choose the correct answer:

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Explanation

Gametophyte attaches (B) → antherozoids released into water (E) → fertilisation (A) → sporophyte forms (D) → meiosis gives haploid spores (C). Sequence B, E, A, D, C.

NEET 2025
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Match List I with List II:

List I — A. Chlorophyll a, B. Chlorophyll b, C. Xanthophylls, D. Carotenoids

List II — I. Yellow-green, II. Yellow, III. Blue-green, IV. Yellow to Yellow-orange

Choose the option with all correct matches:

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Explanation

Chlorophyll a → blue-green (III); Chlorophyll b → yellow-green (I); Xanthophylls → yellow (II); Carotenoids → yellow to yellow-orange (IV).

NEET 2025
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In the seeds of cereals, the outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a protein-rich layer called:

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Explanation

In cereal grains the outermost protein-rich layer of the endosperm that separates it from the embryo is the aleurone layer.

NEET 2025
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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): A typical unfertilised, angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is 8 nucleate and 7-celled.

Reason (R): The egg apparatus has 2 polar nuclei.

Choose the correct answer:

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Explanation

The mature embryo sac is indeed 8-nucleate and 7-celled (A true). The egg apparatus consists of one egg and two synergids; the two polar nuclei lie in the central cell, not the egg apparatus, so R is false.

NEET 2025
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Which of the following are the post-transcriptional events in a eukaryotic cell? A. Transport of pre-mRNA to cytoplasm prior to splicing. B. Removal of introns and joining of exons. C. Addition of methyl group at 5' end of hnRNA. D. Addition of adenine residues at 3' end of hnRNA. E. Base pairing of two complementary RNAs. Choose the correct answer:

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Explanation

Post-transcriptional processing of hnRNA = splicing (B), 5′ capping (C) and 3′ poly-A tailing (D). pre-mRNA is processed before, not after, leaving the nucleus (A wrong); E is unrelated.

NEET 2025
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What is the pattern of inheritance for polygenic trait?

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Explanation

Polygenic (quantitative) traits are controlled by many genes with additive effects and show a continuous, non-Mendelian inheritance pattern.

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