Neural Control and Coordination in Animals MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

The myelin sheath is not strictly considered a part of the neuron itself. It is produced by glial cells (Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system) and functions to insulate the axon and speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.

The centers for the sense of smell, also known as olfaction, are located in the olfactory lobes. The olfactory lobes are part of the brain responsible for the detection and processing of odor molecules. This region is specifically dedicated to the sense of smell.

The nerve related to the diaphragm is the phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is crucial for breathing because it controls the contraction of the diaphragm.

The Node of Ranvier is a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, where the myelin sheath is discontinuous. These nodes are critical for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses along the axon, as they allow for saltatory conduction, where the action potential jumps from one node to the next.

Neurons are least likely to be replaced by new cells. Unlike liver cells, osteocytes, and cells of the Malpighian layer of the skin, neurons do not regenerate easily. Damage to neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is often irreversible because mature neurons do not undergo cell division.

Peristalsis of the intestines is an example of the action of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions in the body, including the movement of food through the intestines (peristalsis). The knee-jerk response and swallowing of food are primarily under somatic nervous control, while the pupillary reflex is autonomic but it is less directly related to the context of peristalsis as a clear example.

The second cranial nerve (II), also known as the optic nerve, is responsible for vision and is not a motor nerve. Motor nerves primarily control muscle movements, whereas the optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Refer NCERT, Heading 8.3, para-1, page-127

Amyloid-$\mathrm{\beta }$ are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease. It is the main component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease often diagnosed in people over 65 years of age