Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

Pulmonary respiration refers to the process of breathing involving the lungs. Among the options given, humans show pulmonary respiration. In humans, the respiratory system includes the lungs where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.

The trachea is supported by cartilaginous rings that are C-shaped. These C-shaped rings provide structural support to the trachea, preventing it from collapsing while allowing flexibility and movement during breathing and swallowing.

The lung contains many small balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. These alveoli are the sites of gas exchange in the respiratory system. They provide a large surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged efficiently between the lungs and the bloodstream.

The intake of air is called inhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand and air to be drawn into the lungs.

Intercostal muscles regulate the movement of the ribs. These muscles are located between the ribs and play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing by helping expand and contract the chest cavity during inhalation and exhalation.

The muscles present between the ribs are called intercostal muscles. These muscles are crucial for the mechanics of breathing as they help expand and contract the rib cage, allowing the lungs to fill and empty air efficiently.

The respiratory control centers are located in the medulla oblongata. This part of the brainstem plays a key role in regulating the rate and depth of breathing by sending signals to the respiratory muscles, ensuring that the body maintains proper levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Oxygen-containing blood is transported from the lungs to the heart by the pulmonary veins. Unlike most veins that carry deoxygenated blood, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart, where it is then pumped to the rest of the body.

Approximately 97% of oxygen is transported to tissues through red blood cells (RBCs). Hemoglobin in the RBCs binds to oxygen molecules and carries them to various tissues in the body.