Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

In a transgenic organism, reporter genes are used to determine whether a particular DNA construct has been successfully introduced into a cell, organ or tissue. Whereas promoter is the region of DNA that initiates the DNA transcription, an enhancer is the sequence of DNA that enhances the transcription when binds to the specific proteic and transgene is the gene that taken from the genome of one organism and introduces into the genome of another organism.

A variable number tandem repeat (or VNTR) is a location in a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats) among individuals.

Bt in Bt cotton stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium that produces toxins harmful to certain insects. Bt cotton is genetically modified to express this toxin, providing resistance against pests like the bollworm. NEET students should remember that Bacillus thuringiensis is the key to understanding the pest-resistant properties of Bt cotton.

The first hormone to be produced by genetic engineering was Insulin. This milestone was achieved in 1982 when recombinant DNA technology was used to produce human insulin in bacteria. The genetically engineered insulin, known as Humulin, is identical to human insulin and has been a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA. It has found immense use in solving cases of disputed parentage as it can accurately determine biological relationships by comparing genetic markers.

Agarose, a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, is widely used in gel electrophoresis. This technique is essential in molecular biology for the separation of DNA or RNA fragments based on size. Agarose gel electrophoresis helps visualize and analyze nucleic acids.

Transgenic mice are being developed for use in
testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans.
Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of
monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. It plays a crucial role in the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

New species are typically formed through variations. Variations are the differences in DNA among individuals within a species. These variations can lead to changes in traits over generations, which may eventually result in the emergence of a new species if the variations are significant and persistent. Therefore, the correct answer is 'variations'.