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Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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In a continuous culture system for multiplying cells harboring cloned genes, what is the primary purpose of continuously adding fresh medium and draining used medium?

A. To increase the viscosity of the culture. B. To maintain the cells in their physiologically most active exponential phase. C. To reduce the number of cells in the culture. D. To prevent aeration of the culture.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explains: 'The cells can also be multiplied in a continuous culture system wherein the used medium is drained out from one side while fresh medium is added from the other to maintain the cells in their physiologically most active' phase (exponential phase). This maximizes the production of the desired protein.

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Which of the following is NOT a general area of application for biotechnology, as described in the context?

A. Therapeutics B. Diagnostics C. Weather forecasting D. Processed food

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Explanation

The context lists 'Therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production' as applications of biotechnology. Weather forecasting is not mentioned.

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What is the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) definition of biotechnology?

A. The industrial-scale production of biopharmaceuticals using genetically modified organisms. B. The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services. C. The use of genetically modified organisms to achieve product formation on a larger scale. D. Any microbe-mediated process like making curd, bread, or wine.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly states the EFB definition as: 'The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services'.

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Which of the following is a primary step in the downstream processing of a foreign gene product?

A. Ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector. B. Culturing the host cells in a medium at large scale. C. Separation and purification of the protein. D. Transferring the recombinant DNA into the host.

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Explanation

One of the provided blurbs mentions: 'The processes include separation and purification, which are' part of downstream processing. The summary also states 'purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.' Option 3 is directly related to downstream processing, which happens after large-scale production.

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What is the significance of using bioreactors in biotechnology?

A. To isolate DNA from host cells. B. To fragment DNA using restriction enzymes. C. To facilitate large scale production of biotechnological products. D. To introduce alien DNA into host cells.

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Explanation

The summary section states: 'Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.' This highlights their role in scaling up production.

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Bioprocess engineering in biotechnology primarily focuses on:

A. Altering the chemistry of genetic material. B. Maintaining sterile conditions for large-scale growth of desired microbes/cells. C. Isolating desirable genes from an organism. D. Developing DNA vaccines.

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Explanation

The NCERT text defines Bioprocess engineering as: 'Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.'

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Which of the following is an example of an application of biotechnology in the healthcare sector, as mentioned in the text?

A. Development of pest-resistant crops. B. Mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics. C. Improving crop yields through agro-chemicals. D. Waste treatment through physical methods.

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Explanation

The text states: 'Recombinant DNA technological processes have made immense impact in the area of healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics.'

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Why are recombinant therapeutics considered advantageous over similar products isolated from non-human sources?

A. They are easier to produce in small quantities. B. They are chemically different from human proteins. C. They do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from infection risk. D. They have a shorter shelf life, requiring frequent production.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explains: 'Since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from risk of infection as was observed in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.'

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What is the final stage of obtaining a foreign gene product after purification, as outlined in the summary?

A. Fragmentation of DNA. B. Constructing recombinant DNA. C. Making a suitable formulation for marketing. D. Isolating the desired DNA fragment.

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Explanation

The summary states: 'expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.'

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Which of the following organisms exhibit RNA interference (RNAi) as a method of cellular defense?

A. All prokaryotic organisms B. Only certain bacterial species C. All eukaryotic organisms D. Only plants infected by viruses

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Explanation

The NCERT text states, 'RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.'

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