Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

As per the text, 'Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein ($\alpha$-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.'

The NCERT outlines reasons such as 'Normal physiology and development', 'Study of disease', 'Biological products', 'Vaccine safety', and 'Chemical safety testing'. Increasing genetic diversity in a wild population is not listed as a direct goal for producing transgenic animals.

The text states, 'Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine.'

The NCERT mentions, 'Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem.' It also highlights the need for regulation to evaluate the 'morality of all human activities that might help or harm living organisms.'

The NCERT elaborates, 'Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated, and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development, e.g., study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.'

The NCERT text states, 'The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.' The key phrase here is 'human protein-enriched'.

The NCERT text states: 'The use of vaccines and immunisation programmes have enabled us to completely eradicate a deadly disease like smallpox.' This highlights smallpox as the disease successfully eradicated by vaccination efforts.

According to the NCERT text, 'The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of ‘memory’ of the immune system.' This memory allows for a quicker and more intense response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

The NCERT text specifies: 'In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen (vaccine) are introduced into the body.' This exposure stimulates the body's own immune response.

The NCERT states: 'The antibodies produced in the body against these antigens would neutralise the pathogenic agents during actual infection.' Vaccines train the immune system to produce these protective antibodies.