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Which of the following describes Innate Immunity most accurately?
As per NCERT, 'Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth.'
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of barrier within innate immunity?
NCERT states that innate immunity consists of four types of barriers: Physical, Physiological, Cellular, and Cytokine barriers. Adaptive immunity is a different type of immunity (acquired immunity).
The mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts contributes to which type of innate immune barrier?
According to NCERT, 'Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes entering our body' and is listed under 'Physical barriers'.
Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, and tears from eyes are examples of which type of innate immune barrier?
NCERT explicitly mentions, 'Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes– all prevent microbial growth' as examples of 'Physiological barriers'.
Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils), monocytes, and natural killer cells are components of which innate immune barrier?
NCERT states, 'Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils) and monocytes and natural killer (type of lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes' and lists these under 'Cellular barriers'.
Which type of innate immune barrier involves the secretion of interferons?
As per NCERT, 'Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection' and are classified under 'Cytokine barriers'.
The primary function of interferons, as part of innate immunity, is to:
NCERT states, 'Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.' This directly indicates their primary function.
Macrophages in tissues contribute to innate immunity by:
The text mentions that 'macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes' as part of cellular barriers in innate immunity.
Which of the following innate immunity components acts as the main physical barrier preventing the entry of microorganisms?
NCERT identifies 'Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro-organisms' under 'Physical barriers'.
A key characteristic that distinguishes innate immunity from acquired immunity is that innate immunity is:
NCERT clearly states, 'Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth.' Acquired immunity, conversely, is pathogen specific and characterized by memory.
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