Practice free Zoology NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
What is the primary purpose of PCR as described in the context of biotechnology processes?
The context clearly states under '9.3.3 Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR': 'In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest is synthesised in vitro...' This is the primary purpose.
Which of the following components is essential for the in vitro synthesis of multiple copies of DNA during PCR, based on the fundamental principle of the reaction?
The definition of PCR, although not explicitly listing all components, implies the need for DNA polymerase for 'synthesis'. Restriction enzymes cut DNA, ligase joins DNA, and agarose gel is for separation, not synthesis. DNA polymerase is crucial for extending primers and synthesizing new DNA strands during the 'Extension of primers' step.
Which of the following segments of the nephron is characterized by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium, significantly increasing its surface area for reabsorption?
According to NCERT, 'Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): PCT is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium which increases the surface area for reabsorption.'
Nearly 70-80 percent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
The NCERT states, 'Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and 70-80 per cent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment (PCT).'
Which segment of the renal tubule plays a significant role in maintaining the pH and ionic balance of body fluids by selective secretion of hydrogen ions and ammonia into the filtrate, and absorption of HCO$_3^-$?
The NCERT text mentions, 'PCT also helps to maintain the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids by selective secretion of hydrogen ions and ammonia into the filtrate and by absorption of HCO$_3^-$ from it.'
The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to _______ but almost impermeable to _______. This concentrates the filtrate as it moves down.
As per NCERT, 'The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. This concentrates the filtrate as it moves down.'
Which part of Henle's loop is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively, leading to dilution of the concentrated filtrate as it moves upward?
The NCERT states, 'The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. Therefore, as the concentrated filtrate pass upward, it gets diluted due to the passage of electrolytes to the medullary fluid.'
Conditional reabsorption of Na$^+$ and water takes place in which segment of the nephron, also involving reabsorption of HCO$_3^-$ and selective secretion of H$^+$ and K$^+$ ions?
According to NCERT, 'Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT): Conditional reabsorption of Na$^+$ and water takes place in this segment. DCT is also capable of reabsorption of HCO$_3^-$ and selective secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions and NH$_3$ to maintain the pH and sodium-potassium balance in blood.'
Which segment of the nephron allows for the passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium to help maintain osmolarity?
The NCERT states, 'Collecting Duct: This segment allows passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity.'
The collecting duct plays a role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of blood primarily by:
As per NCERT, 'It (Collecting Duct) also plays a role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of H$^+$ and K$^+$ ions.'
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