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The term 'homoiothermous' implies that Aves:
The NCERT text defines homoiothermous as 'i.e., they are able to maintain a constant body temperature.'
Which feature is unique to mammals and not found in Aves?
While Aves are warm-blooded and have a four-chambered heart, the text states 'The unique features of mammals are the presence of mammary glands and hairs on the skin.' These are not present in Aves.
The adaptation of hind limbs in Aves includes modifications for all of the following EXCEPT:
The NCERT text states: 'The hind limbs generally have scales and are modified for walking, swimming or clasping the tree branches.' Forelimbs are modified for flying, not hind limbs.
Which of these classifications places Aves under Tetrapoda?
NCERT states: 'Classes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia have two pairs of limbs and are thus grouped under Tetrapoda.' This indicates their grouping based on the presence of four limbs.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding micturition?
According to the NCERT text, 'The process of release of urine is called micturition and the neural mechanisms causing it is called the micturition reflex.' It 'initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine.' Therefore, option 4 is incorrect because it states simultaneous contraction of the urethral sphincter, which should be relaxation.
An adult human typically excretes an average volume of urine per day ranging from:
The NCERT text states, 'An adult human excretes, on an average, 1 to 1.5 litres of urine per day.'
What is the approximate pH of human urine?
The NCERT text mentions, 'The urine formed is a light yellow coloured watery fluid which is slightly acidic (pH-6.0) and has a characteristic odour.'
The presence of which substances in urine is indicative of diabetes mellitus?
The NCERT states, 'For example, presence of glucose (Glycosuria) and ketone bodies (Ketonuria) in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus.'
What is the primary function of sweat glands mentioned in the context of excretion?
The NCERT states, 'Though the primary function of sweat is to facilitate a cooling effect on the body surface, it also helps in the removal of some of the wastes mentioned above.' The wastes mentioned are NaCl, small amounts of urea, lactic acid.
Besides kidneys, which other organ significantly helps in the elimination of excretory wastes by removing large amounts of CO$_2$?
The NCERT mentions, 'Other than the kidneys, lungs, liver and skin also help in the elimination of excretory wastes. Our lungs remove large amounts of CO$_2$ (approximately 200mL/minute) and also significant quantities of water every day.'
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