Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The correct set matches concepts with their corresponding descriptions: I. Slow evolution – A. Non-progressive, II. Environment is responsible for evolution – B. Aristotle, III. Homologous – D. Wing of bird and horse limb, IV. Analogous organ – C. Bird wing and butterfly wing.

The Mesozoic era, which spanned from approximately 252 to 66 million years ago, is often referred to as the 'Age of Reptiles.' During this period, reptiles, including dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates. This era saw the rise and diversification of many reptilian species, making it the golden period for reptiles.

Evolution is driven by the differentiation and adaptation of species as unique entities. This process involves species developing distinct traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in their specific environments. Over time, these adaptations can lead to the emergence of new species through the process of natural selection.

Evolution and natural selection are demonstrated by several examples, including DDT resistance in mosquitoes, sickle cell anemia in pygmies, and industrial melanism. These examples illustrate how certain traits can become more common in a population due to environmental pressures and selective advantages, leading to evolutionary changes over time.

The presence of homologous and vestigial organs are significant pieces of evidence supporting organic evolution. Homologous organs indicate common ancestry, as they have similar structures but may serve different functions. Vestigial organs are remnants of structures that were functional in ancestors but have lost their original use, indicating evolutionary changes over time.

Potato and sweet potato have edible parts which are analogous organs. Analogous organs are those organs which are different in origin but similar in function. Potato and sweet potato are absolutely different in their origin as potato is modified underground stem (tuber), while sweet potato is tuberous root. It means both have edible parts, which are different organs.

The ileum is not a vestigial organ in humans. It is a crucial part of the small intestine responsible for the absorption of nutrients. In contrast, wisdom teeth, muscles of the external ear-pinna, and the fossa ovalis are considered vestigial, as they have lost most of their original function or are remnants from our evolutionary ancestors.

Phylogeny is the term used to describe the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms. It involves the study of how species have evolved over time and are related to one another. Ontogeny refers to the development of an individual organism, analogy refers to similarity in function but not origin, and homology refers to similarity due to common ancestry.