SNP which is pronounced as "snips” stands for:
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Explanation
(page-122)
Molecular Basis of Inheritance MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers
Practice free Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Botany) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
The length of E. coli DNA and length of DNA in a human 2N cell is:
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Explanation
The length of DNA double helix in a typical mammalian cell is 2.2 metres.
It is calculated by multiplying the total number of bp with distance between two consecutive bp.
= 6.6 × 109 bp × 0.34 × 10^-9m/bp
= 2.2 metres.
In E.coli, the length of DNA is 1.36 mm.
(page-99)
Mendel's initial concept of 'factors' that determine phenotype laid the groundwork for understanding inheritance. In the context of the 'Search for Genetic Material', what major scientific development followed this understanding?
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Explanation
The NCERT text states: 'The work of Mendel and others who followed him gave us an idea of inheritance patterns. However the nature of those ‘factors’ which determine the phenotype was not very clear. As these ‘factors’ represent the genetic basis of inheritance, understanding the structure of genetic material and the structural basis of genotype and phenotype conversion became the focus of attention in biology for the next century.' This directly supports option 2.
Which of the following scientists are not explicitly mentioned in the provided text as making major contributions to the development of molecular biology, following Mendel's work?
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Explanation
The context explicitly lists 'Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, Kornbergs (father and son), Benzer, Monod, Brenner' as major contributors to molecular biology. Louis Pasteur is not mentioned in this list.
Before the 'Search for Genetic Material' became a focal point, what was the primary limitation in understanding genetic inheritance, despite Mendel's foundational work?
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Explanation
The NCERT text states: 'However the nature of those ‘factors’ which determine the phenotype was not very clear.' This indicates that the chemical or structural identity of the genetic material (factors) was the missing piece.
The provided text mentions that the 'entire body of molecular biology was a consequent development' after Mendel's work. What specific areas of modern biology are highlighted as being enriched by awareness in molecular genetics?
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Explanation
The text reads: 'Awareness in the areas of molecular genetics, structural biology and bio informatics have enriched our understanding of the molecular basis of evolution.' This directly points to the correct option.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA that makes it less stable compared to DNA?
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Explanation
The context states: 'Further, 2'-OH group present at every nucleotide in RNA is a reactive group and makes RNA labile and easily degradable. RNA is also now known to be catalytic, hence reactive. Therefore, DNA chemically is less reactive and structurally more stable when compared to RNA.' Also, single-stranded molecules are generally less stable than double-stranded ones. However, the presence of uracil instead of thymine does not make it less stable; rather, the presence of thymine confers additional stability to DNA itself, indirectly suggesting uracil's presence in RNA doesn't inherently make it unstable compared to its other characteristics.
In certain viruses, RNA functions as the genetic material. An example given in the text is:
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Explanation
The text explicitly mentions: 'in some viruses, RNA is the genetic material (for example, Tobacco Mosaic viruses, QB bacteriophage, etc.).'
Which of the following roles is NOT primarily associated with RNA in most organisms?
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Explanation
The text states: 'DNA acts as the genetic material in most of the organisms. RNA though it also acts as a genetic material in some viruses, mostly functions as a messenger. RNA has additional roles as well. It functions as adapter, structural, and in some cases as a catalytic molecule.' So, genetic material storage is primarily for DNA.
The primary chemical difference between DNA and RNA sugar molecules is:
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Explanation
The context states: 'DNA contains a five carbon sugar molecule called 2-deoxyribose whereas RNA contains ribose.' Deoxyribose sugar lacks an oxygen atom at the 2' position compared to ribose sugar.
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