Chemical Bonding and Atomic Structure MCQs for NEET — Chemistry Questions with Answers

Species     Hybridisation     Bond angle
   NO₂               sp             120°
   NO_2^-              sp₂           115.4°
   NO_2⁺             sp(linear)   180°
   NO_3^-             sp₂             120°

So, No₂⁺ has maximum bond angle.

Since, there is a strong hydrogen bonding between HF molecules. Hence, boiling point is highest for HF.
HF > HI > HBr > HI

(d) Bond dissociation energy $\propto \frac{1}{\mathrm{Bond} \mathrm{length}}$

     Orders of bond length $\mathrm{P}—\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{S}—\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{Cl}—\mathrm{O}$ Order of $\mathrm{BDE}\mathbf{:}$ $\mathrm{Cl}—\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{S}—\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{P}—\mathrm{O}$

(b)

      ${\mathrm{XeF}}_4+{\mathrm{SbF}}_5 \stackrel{}{\to } {\left[{\mathrm{XeF}}_3\right]}^{+}{\left[{\mathrm{SbF}}_6\right]}^{-} \stackrel{}{\to }\underset{\stackrel{{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{d}}{\mathbf{bent}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{T}\mathbf{ }\mathbf{shape}}}{{\left[{\mathrm{XeF}}_3\right]}^{+}}+\underset{\stackrel{{\mathbf{sp}}^{\mathbf{3}}{\mathbf{d}}^{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{octahedral}}}{{\left[{\mathrm{SbF}}_6\right]}^{-}}$

No. of hybrid orbitals = Total no. of sigma bonds +lone pair of electrons. The no. of sigma bonds in $N{O}_2^{+},N{O}_3^{-} and N{H}_4^{+}$ are 2,3 and 4 respectively. So the hybridisation is sp, sp² and sp³ respectively.

N is more electroneative than I.The difference of electronegativity is largest in the case of atoms N and I. The dipole moment of the bonded atoms adds to that of the lone pair and thus polarity increases.

The ionic charcter is expected to increase as the electronegativity of the halogen increases. Thus due to the highest electronegativity difference in H and F, the H-F bond should be most ionic.

% of ionic character=16×ΔEN+3.5×(ΔEN)²

H-I bond being the weakest gives the hydrogen readily. HI is also the strongest acid because of its least bond dissociation energy.The acidic  character thus follows the order HI>HBr>HCl>HF.

Bond angle decreases in the H₂O > H₂S > H₂Se > H₂Te.