Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences
corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them
in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were
produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds
to form human insulin also known as humulin 

In India, genetically modified crops such as Bt cotton and DMH-11 mustard have been introduced. Bt cotton has been widely adopted by farmers, while DMH-11 mustard is still under regulatory review. These crops have been modified for traits like pest resistance and improved yield.

Genetically modified crops must pass human testing because they may cause allergies, alter genes, cause mutations, and release toxins. These potential risks necessitate thorough testing to ensure that the foods are safe for human consumption.

The correct match for the set of healthcare products and the genetically engineered organisms used for their production is as follows: A (Insulin) is produced through E. coli (Humulin), B (Somatotropin) is produced by hGH in E. coli, C (Interferon) is produced by Escherichia coli / Saccharomyces, and D (Interleukins) are produced by Escherichia coli / yeast.

fact

In maize hybrids, the amount of lysine is often increased. Lysine is an essential amino acid that is usually deficient in maize, so breeding efforts have been made to enhance its content.

Callus formation typically occurs within 2-3 weeks during tissue culture. Callus is a mass of undifferentiated cells that forms when plant tissues are cultured in vitro under appropriate conditions.

Embryo culture is a technique used in plant breeding to rescue hybrid plantlets from interspecific crosses by growing immature or weak embryos in a nutrient medium. This method helps in overcoming barriers of cross-incompatibility and allows the development of viable hybrid plants.