Practice free Human Health and Diseases (Zoology) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
An individual is protected against snake venom by an injection of anti-venom. This is an example of:
The NCERT states, 'When ready-made antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents, it is called passive immunity.' Anti-venom contains pre-formed antibodies, so it's a classic example of passive immunity.
Which of these is NOT an example of passive immunity?
The NCERT states, 'infectious organisms gaining access into body during natural infection induce active immunity.' Options o1 and o2 are explicitly mentioned as examples of passive immunity in the text, and o4 describes the direct administration of antibodies, which is passive immunity.
What kind of immunity is developed when an individual receives a vaccine containing inactivated pathogens?
Vaccination involves introducing antigenic proteins or inactivated/weakened pathogens (foreign agents) into the body to stimulate antibody production by the host, which is active immunity. Since it's deliberately induced, it's artificially acquired. The text states, 'Injecting the microbes deliberately during immunisation... induce active immunity'.
Colostrum, the yellowish fluid secreted by the mother during the initial days of lactation, provides passive immunity primarily due to the abundance of which antibody?
The NCERT explicitly mentions, 'The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant.'
A key characteristic differentiating active immunity from passive immunity is that active immunity:
Active immunity is defined by the host producing its own antibodies when exposed to antigens. The text states, 'When a host is exposed to antigens... antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of immunity is called active immunity.' Passive immunity provides immediate protection and involves pre-formed antibodies (not memory).
Which of the following types of immunity involves the principle of 'memory' of the immune system?
The NCERT states, 'The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of 'memory' of the immune system.' While acquired immunity in general has memory, the context clearly links vaccination (a form of active immunity) to this principle.
A patient undergoing organ transplantation is administered immunosuppressants. This is necessary because:
The NCERT states, 'Tissue matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to take immuno–suppresants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘nonself’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.'
What is the primary difference in the onset of protection between active and passive immunity?
The NCERT states, 'Active immunity is slow and takes time to give its full effective response.' Conversely, passive immunity, by directly providing ready-made antibodies, offers immediate protection.
Immunisation is based on which fundamental principle of the immune system?
The NCERT states, 'The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of 'memory' of the immune system.' The ability to differentiate 'self' and 'nonself' is also crucial for immune responses, including the memory aspect in acquired immunity targeted by immunisation.
A person develops immunity after recovering from a natural measles infection. This type of immunity is best described as:
When an individual recovers from a natural infection, their body has been exposed to antigens and produced its own antibodies, thus inducing active immunity. Since it occurred naturally, it is naturally acquired. The text mentions 'infectious organisms gaining access into body during natural infection induce active immunity'.
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