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Human Health and Diseases MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

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The mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts contributes to which type of innate immune barrier?

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Explanation

According to NCERT, 'Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts also help in trapping microbes entering our body' and is listed under 'Physical barriers'.

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Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, and tears from eyes are examples of which type of innate immune barrier?

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Explanation

NCERT explicitly mentions, 'Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes– all prevent microbial growth' as examples of 'Physiological barriers'.

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Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils), monocytes, and natural killer cells are components of which innate immune barrier?

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Explanation

NCERT states, 'Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils) and monocytes and natural killer (type of lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes' and lists these under 'Cellular barriers'.

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Which type of innate immune barrier involves the secretion of interferons?

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Explanation

As per NCERT, 'Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection' and are classified under 'Cytokine barriers'.

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The primary function of interferons, as part of innate immunity, is to:

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Explanation

NCERT states, 'Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.' This directly indicates their primary function.

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Macrophages in tissues contribute to innate immunity by:

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Explanation

The text mentions that 'macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes' as part of cellular barriers in innate immunity.

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Which of the following innate immunity components acts as the main physical barrier preventing the entry of microorganisms?

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Explanation

NCERT identifies 'Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro-organisms' under 'Physical barriers'.

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A key characteristic that distinguishes innate immunity from acquired immunity is that innate immunity is:

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Explanation

NCERT clearly states, 'Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth.' Acquired immunity, conversely, is pathogen specific and characterized by memory.

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Which of the following describes the characteristic of acquired immunity that differentiates it from innate immunity?

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Explanation

As per NCERT, 'Acquired immunity, on the other hand is pathogen specific. It is characterised by memory.' This clearly distinguishes it from innate immunity which is non-specific.

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What is the term for the initial, low-intensity immune response observed when the body first encounters a pathogen?

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Explanation

NCERT states, 'This means when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time it produces a response called primary response which is of low intensity.'

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