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Human Health and Diseases MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

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What is a common symptom experienced by an HIV-infected person due to the decrease in helper T-lymphocytes?

A. Increased blood pressure B. Bouts of fever, diarrhoea, and weight loss C. Enhanced antibody production D. Improved resistance to opportunistic infections

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Explanation

The NCERT mentions, 'During this period, the person suffers from bouts of fever, diarrhoea and weight loss. Due to decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome.'

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Which of the following opportunistic infections can a person with severe immunodeficiency due to AIDS suffer from?

A. Common cold and seasonal influenza B. Infections due to Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi, and parasites like Toxoplasma C. Only bacterial infections that are normally non-pathogenic D. Food poisoning caused by Salmonella

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Due to decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome such as those due to bacteria especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi and even parasites like Toxoplasma.'

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What is the widely used diagnostic test for AIDS mentioned in the context?

A. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) B. Western Blot test C. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) D. Rapid HIV test

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly mentions, 'A widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA).'

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Which enzyme is crucial for the replication of HIV's RNA genome into viral DNA inside the host cell?

A. DNA polymerase B. RNA primase C. Reverse transcriptase D. DNA ligase

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into macrophages where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.'

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What is the effectiveness of anti-retroviral drugs in treating AIDS patients?

A. They completely cure the disease if administered early. B. They can prolong the life of the patient but cannot prevent eventual death. C. They are highly effective in eradicating the virus from the body. D. They have no significant effect on the progression of the disease.

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Treatment of AIDS with anti-retroviral drugs is only partially effective. They can only prolong the life of the patient but cannot prevent death, which is inevitable.'

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What is the typical time-lag between HIV infection and the appearance of AIDS symptoms?

A. A few days to a few weeks B. A few months to many years (usually 5-10 years) C. Immediately after infection D. Only if the patient is severely immunocompromised already

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Explanation

The NCERT text states, 'There is always a time-lag between the infection and appearance of AIDS symptoms. This period may vary from a few months to many years (usually 5-10 years).'

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What is the primary reason why HIV/AIDS-infected persons should not be isolated from family and society?

A. Their infection is contagious through casual contact, so isolating them is impractical. B. They need help and sympathy, and isolation increases the chances of wider disease spread. C. Their social interaction contributes to drug development. D. Isolation leads to a faster progression of the disease.

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'It is, hence, imperative, for the physical and psychological well-being, that the HIV/AIDS infected persons are not isolated from family and society. ...HIV/AIDS-infected people need help and sympathy instead of being shunned by society. Unless society recognises it as a problem to be dealt with in a collective manner â€“ the chances of wider spread of the disease increase manifold.'

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Which Indian organization is actively involved in educating people about AIDS?

A. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) B. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare C. National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) D. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'In our country the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and other non-governmental organisation (NGOs) are doing a lot to educate people about AIDS.'

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Which type of antibody is primarily associated with allergic reactions?

A. IgA B. IgM C. IgE D. IgG

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Explanation

The context states: 'The antibodies produced to these are of IgE type.' IgE antibodies are responsible for mediating allergic responses by binding to allergens and triggering mast cell degranulation, which releases inflammatory mediators.

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What is the primary characteristic of an allergic response?

A. Suppressed immune reaction to pathogens B. Exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens C. Inability of the immune system to recognize self-cells D. Normal immune response to harmful microorganisms

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text, 'The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy.'

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