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Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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In the context of biotechnology, what is the ultimate stage mentioned after purification of a gene product and before marketing?

A. Large-scale production in bioreactors B. Expression of the foreign gene C. Making a suitable formulation D. Isolation of the desired DNA

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Explanation

The summary mentions, 'expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.' This 'making a suitable formulation' is part of downstream processing, coming after purification and before marketing.

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The statement 'Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic compound' highlights its role in which of the critical research areas of biotechnology?

A. Providing the best catalyst B. Creating optimal conditions for a catalyst to act C. Purification and formulation of the product D. Genomic sequencing and analysis

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Explanation

The NCERT text lists 'Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic compound' as one of the three critical research areas, directly relating it to purification. Formulation is implied in the overall goal of making a packaged product ready for marketing.

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Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding Downstream Processing?

A. It occurs prior to the biosynthetic stage. B. It includes separation of the product. C. It involves purification procedures. D. It is essential for marketing the finished product.

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Explanation

Downstream processing occurs after the biosynthetic stage, as stated in the text: 'After completion of the biosynthetic stage, the product has to be subjected through a series of processes...'

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If a genetically modified organism produces a therapeutic protein in a bioreactor, what immediately follows the harvest of the culture broth for product recovery?

A. Optimization of bioreactor conditions B. Media preparation C. Downstream processing operations D. Gene cloning into a vector

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Explanation

After the growth and production in the bioreactor (biosynthetic stage), the next set of operations for product recovery and preparation for marketing is Downstream Processing.

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The processes involved in making a product ready for marketing, which includes separation and purification, are a part of:

A. Quality Assurance B. Upstream Processing C. Bioreactor design D. Downstream Processing

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Explanation

The NCERT clearly defines Downstream Processing as the series of processes, including separation and purification, that occur after biosynthesis to make the product ready for marketing.

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Which of the following events specifically signifies the end of the reproductive phase in females?

A. Continuous sperm formation in old age B. Cessation of ovum formation around fifty years of age C. Implantation of the blastocyst D. Initiation of gametogenesis at puberty

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Explanation

The context states: 'sperm formation continues even in old men, but formation of ovum ceases in women around the age of fifty years.' This directly indicates the end of the reproductive phase in females.

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Where does fertilisation typically occur in humans?

A. Uterus B. Vagina C. Ampulla of the fallopian tube D. Ovary

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Explanation

The text states: 'After coitus, sperms are transported to the ampulla, where the sperm fertilises the ovum leading to formation of a diploid zygote.' Additionally, one of the exercises asks 'Fertilisation takes place in _____________', implying a specific location.

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What is the ploidy of human male and female gametes, and the resulting zygote, respectively?

A. Diploid, Diploid, Diploid B. Haploid, Haploid, Diploid C. Diploid, Haploid, Haploid D. Haploid, Diploid, Diploid

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Explanation

The 'Fill in the blanks' section includes: '(d) Male and female gametes are _____________ (diploid/haploid)' and '(e) Zygote is _____________ (diploid/haploid)'. The formation of a diploid zygote from the fusion of gametes means the gametes must be haploid (n) and the zygote diploid (2n).

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The sex of the embryo is determined by the presence of a specific chromosome in which of the following?

A. Ovum B. Sperm C. Zygote D. Uterine lining

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Explanation

The text states: 'The presence of X or Y chromosome in the sperm determines the sex of the embryo.'.

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Arrange the following events in chronological order during human reproduction:

A. Gametogenesis, Fertilisation, Implantation, Parturition B. Implantation, Fertilisation, Gametogenesis, Parturition C. Fertilisation, Gametogenesis, Implantation, Parturition D. Gametogenesis, Implantation, Fertilisation, Parturition

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Explanation

The introductory paragraph of 'HUMAN REPRODUCTION' chapter 2 states: 'The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis)... fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote. This is followed by formation and development of blastocyst and its attachment to the uterine wall (implantation), embryonic development (gestation) and delivery of the baby (parturition).'

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