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Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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Which term refers to the maintenance of a microbial contamination-free environment in chemical engineering processes for large-scale production?

A. Downstream processing. B. Genetic transformation. C. Bioprocess engineering. D. Recombinant DNA technology.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: '(ii) Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities...'

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Which of these is NOT an application area of biotechnology mentioned in the context?

A. Diagnostics. B. Waste treatment. C. Space exploration. D. Energy production.

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Explanation

The applications of biotechnology listed are: therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production. Space exploration is not mentioned.

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What are the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology?

A. Tissue culture and somatic hybridization. B. Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering. C. Gene cloning and gene transfer. D. Micro-injection and biolistics.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'Among many, the two core techniques that enabled birth of modern biotechnology are : (i) Genetic engineering :... (ii) Bioprocess engineering :...'

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The processes involved in obtaining a foreign gene product after expression include separation and purification, collectively known as:

A. Upstream processing. B. Downstream processing. C. Gene amplification. D. Bioprocess engineering.

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Explanation

The context mentions 'Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic compound.' and also states 'The processes include separation and purification, which are' (followed by an incomplete sentence, but the intent is clear from the applications chapter).

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Which of the following is NOT an essential aspect of recombinant DNA technology outlined in the summary?

A. Use of restriction endonucleases. B. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 system. C. Appropriate plasmid or viral vectors. D. Purification of the gene product.

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Explanation

The summary lists: 'recombinant DNA technology... involves the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, appropriate plasmid or viral vectors to isolate and ferry the foreign DNA into host organisms, expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product...'. CRISPR-Cas9 is not mentioned in this context.

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What is the primary objective of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 in India?

A. To increase the overall number of MTPs performed. B. To reduce the incidence of illegal abortions and consequent maternal mortality and morbidity. C. To restrict MTPs only to cases of rape. D. To allow MTPs to be performed by any medical practitioner.

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Explanation

The context explicitly states: 'The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 was enacted by the government of India with the intension of reducing the incidence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality and morbidity.'

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Which of the following describes 'induced abortion'?

A. Spontaneous termination of pregnancy. B. Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term. C. Termination of pregnancy due to natural causes. D. Termination of pregnancy only in cases of severe fetal abnormalities.

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Explanation

The NCERT states: 'Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion.'

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The Government of India legalized MTP in 1971 primarily to:

A. Promote population control measures without restriction. B. Introduce a new method of contraception. C. Avoid its misuse and check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides. D. Encourage gender selection.

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Explanation

The text mentions: 'Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are all the more important to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported to be high in India.'

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Approximately what fraction of total conceived pregnancies globally end in MTPs annually?

A. /2 B. /3 C. /4 D. /5

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Explanation

The text states: 'Nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/5th of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.'

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According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017, for a pregnancy that has lasted up to 12 weeks, the opinion of how many registered medical practitioners is required for termination?

A. Zero B. One C. Two D. Three

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Explanation

The Act states: 'According to this Act, a pregnancy may be terminated on certain considered grounds within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy on the opinion of one registered medical practitioner.'

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