Practice free Biotechnology and its Applications (Zoology) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
How many recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use worldwide?
The NCERT states: 'At present, about 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human-use the world over.'
In humans, where is insulin primarily synthesized, and what specific cells are responsible for its secretion?
The NCERT states in the CHEMICAL_COORDINATION_AND_INTEGRATION chapter: 'The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called $\alpha$-cells and $\beta$-cells. The $\alpha$-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the $\beta$-cells secrete insulin.'
Which of the following techniques is NOT primarily used for the early diagnosis of diseases when pathogen concentration is very low?
The context states that Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, and ELISA are some techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis. However, recombinant DNA technology itself is a broader technique for gene manipulation, while PCR and ELISA are specifically employed for detecting low concentrations of pathogens or specific gene mutations for early diagnosis. Autoradiography is a detection method after probe hybridization, which is a part of molecular diagnosis for mutated genes as described in the context.
PCR is routinely used for which of the following applications?
The NCERT text explicitly states: 'PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders.'
In the context of detecting mutated genes, a radioactive probe is used. What characteristic of the probe is crucial for its detection using autoradiography?
The context mentions: 'A single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography.' The radioactivity is essential for detection via autoradiography.
What is the basis of detection in ELISA?
The NCERT text clearly states: 'ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.'
Why would a clone having a mutated gene NOT appear on a photographic film when using a radioactive probe and autoradiography for detection?
The NCERT text explains: 'The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the mutated gene.'
The three main steps in each cycle of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are:
Figure 9.6 and its caption in the 'BIOTECHNOLOGY - PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES' chapter explicitly state: 'Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) : Each cycle has three steps: (i) Denaturation; (ii) Primer annealing; and (iii) Extension of primers'.
Which of the following is an advantage of using PCR for disease diagnosis?
The context highlights: 'However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.'
How does PCR amplify a gene of interest?
The NCERT text states: 'In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest is synthesised in vitro using two [primers]'. This refers to the core mechanism of PCR.
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