Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

Though the term 'biopiracy' isn't explicitly defined, the text describes the core concept: 'There is growing public anger that certain companies are being granted patents for products and technologies that make use of the genetic materials, plants and other biological resources that have long been identified, developed and used by farmers and indigenous people of a specific region/country.' This aligns with the definition of biopiracy.

As per the NCERT text, 'Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat diseases especially hereditary diseases.' This directly states the primary goal.

The provided text states, 'It does so by replacing a defective mutant allele with a functional one or gene targeting which involves gene amplification.' This explains the mechanism of action for gene therapy.

The NCERT text states, 'The current interest in the manipulation of microbes, plants, and animals has raised serious ethical questions.' While the text does not detail the specific ethical concerns, the general understanding in biotechnology is that altering biological systems raises questions about unintended consequences and societal impact.

The text lists, 'transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s.' Diabetes is mentioned in the context of insulin production but not as a disease for which transgenic animal models are explicitly developed according to this excerpt.

The text describes, 'And the last method uses ‘disarmed pathogen’ vectors, which when allowed to infect the cell, transfer the recombinant DNA into the host.' A 'disarmed pathogen' implies that its harmful properties have been removed or inactivated, making it a safe vehicle for gene delivery.

The NCERT text notes, 'Transgenic animals are also used to understand how genes contribute to the development of a disease by serving as models for human diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s.'

The text explains, 'The recombinant therapeutics do not induce unwanted immunological responses as is common in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.' The summary further adds, 'Since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from risk of infection as was observed in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.'

The text clearly states, 'Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat diseases especially hereditary diseases.'

The NCERT text says, 'Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated, and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development, e.g., study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.'