Practice free Mechanical Properties of Fluids (Physics) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
What is an important advantage of the hydraulic brake system in automobiles?
The text states, 'An important advantage of the system is that the pressure set up by pressing pedal is transmitted equally to all cylinders attached to the four wheels so that the braking effort is equal on all wheels.'
The concept of an incompressible fluid is important in understanding hydraulic machines because:
The explanation for Example 9.5 (b) explicitly states, 'Water is considered to be perfectly incompressible. Volume covered by the movement of smaller piston inwards is equal to volume moved outwards due to the larger piston.' This incompressibility is crucial for the efficient and direct transmission of pressure and displacement in hydraulic systems.
Which statement correctly describes Pascal's Law based on the provided text?
The text combines two aspects of Pascal's Law: 'The French scientist Blaise Pascal observed that the pressure in a fluid at rest is the same at all points if they are at the same height.' and 'whenever external pressure is applied on any part of a fluid contained in a vessel, it is transmitted undiminished and equally in all directions.'
Consider a horizontal cylinder with a piston and three vertical tubes at different points. If the piston is pushed, what happens to the fluid level in the vertical tubes?
The text states: 'It is necessarily the same in all. If we push the piston, the fluid level rises in all the tubes, again reaching the same level in each one of them.' This demonstrates the uniform transmission of pressure.
In a hydraulic system, the force on the larger piston ($F_2$) is related to the force on the smaller piston ($F_1$) by the factor $A_2/A_1$. If $A_2 = 10 A_1$, then the force amplification is:
The text indicates the force is 'increased by a factor of $A_2/A_1$'. If $A_2 = 10 A_1$, then the factor is $10A_1/A_1 = 10$. So, the force is amplified 10 times.
Pressure is defined as the normal force acting per unit area. What is its SI unit and dimension?
The text states, 'The SI unit of pressure is N m$^{-2}$. It has been named as pascal (Pa)'. Also, its dimensions are '[ML$^{-1}$T$^{-2}$]'.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding streamlines in a steady fluid flow?
According to the NCERT text, 'The path taken by a fluid particle under a steady flow is a streamline. It is defined as a curve whose tangent at any point is in the direction of the fluid velocity at that point.' Option o1 is false because 'No two streamlines can cross, for if they do, an oncoming fluid particle can go either one way or the other and the flow would not be steady.' Option o2 is false because 'The velocity of a particular particle may change as it moves from one point to another.' Option o4 is false; streamlines are closer together where velocity is higher and can converge/diverge.
For an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe of varying cross-sectional area, which of the following remains constant?
The equation of continuity for incompressible fluids states $Av = ext{constant}$. Here, $Av$ represents the volume flux or flow rate, which remains constant throughout the pipe of flow. While the density of an incompressible fluid is constant, the question asks what remains constant in the flow, and volume flux is directly derived from the continuity equation applied to the flow.
The equation of continuity, $A_1v_1 = A_2v_2$, where A is the cross-sectional area and v is the fluid velocity, is a statement of the conservation of:
The NCERT text explicitly states, 'Equation (9.10) ... is called the equation of continuity and it is a statement of conservation of mass in flow of incompressible fluids.'
In a streamline flow of an incompressible fluid through a pipe with varying cross-sections, if the cross-sectional area decreases, what happens to the fluid velocity?
From the equation of continuity, $Av = ext{constant}$. If A decreases, then v must increase to maintain the constant product. The text says, 'Thus, at narrower portions where the streamlines are closely spaced, velocity increases and its vice versa.'
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