Practice free Biotechnology Principles and Processes (Zoology) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
Which of the following best describes 'Recombinant DNA technology' or 'Genetic engineering'?
Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.
What did scientists learn in the 1950s that paved the way for tissue culture techniques?
It was learnt by scientists, during 1950s, that whole plants could be regenerated from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
Transgenic animals are primarily used for which of the following purposes?
Transgenic animals are also used to understand how genes contribute to the development of a disease by serving as models for human diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
Biotechnological processes applied in a restricted sense today commonly use:
However, it is used in a restricted sense today, to refer to such of those processes which use genetically modified organisms to achieve the same on a larger scale.
The conversion of an explant into a whole plant in tissue culture requires a nutrient medium that must provide:
It is important to stress here that the nutrient medium must provide a carbon source such as sucrose and also inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins etc.
What is the primary benefit of recombinant therapeutics, such as human insulin produced in bacteria, over similar products isolated from non-human sources?
Recombinant DNA technological processes have made immense impact in the area of healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics. Since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from risk of infection as was observed in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.
Which of the following describes the function of restriction endonucleases?
Restriction endonucleases belong to the class of nucleases called endonucleases, which make cuts at specific positions within the DNA. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends, and ligases join DNA fragments.
The naming convention for the restriction enzyme EcoRI indicates:
The convention for naming these enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated, e.g., EcoRI comes from Escherichia coli RY 13. In EcoRI, the letter ‘R’ is derived from the name of the strain.
What is the primary characteristic of the recognition sequence for a restriction endonuclease?
Each restriction endonuclease recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequences in the DNA. A palindromic sequence reads the same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same.
Which enzyme was the first restriction endonuclease whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence?
The first restriction endonuclease– Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was isolated and characterised five years after the initial discovery of enzymes restricting bacteriophage growth. It always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs.
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