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Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs for NEET — Zoology Questions with Answers

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In the process of insertional inactivation using $\beta$-galactosidase, how are recombinant colonies identified?

A. They produce blue-colored colonies in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. B. They produce colorless colonies because the $\beta$-galactosidase gene is inactivated. C. They exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics. D. They show enhanced growth compared to non-recombinants.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explains: 'The presence of a chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert. Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of the $\beta$-galactosidase gene and the colonies do not produce any colour, these are identified as recombinant colonies.'

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Which of the following pathogens is used to deliver genes into dicot plants because of its natural gene transfer ability?

A. E. coli B. Retroviruses C. Agrobacterium tumifaciens D. Thermus aquaticus

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Explanation

The NCERT text mentions: 'For example, Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as â€˜T-DNAâ€™ to transform normal plant cells into a tumor...'

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A selectable marker in a cloning vector serves which of the following purposes?

A. To initiate the replication of the inserted DNA. B. To allow the vector to integrate into the host chromosome. C. To identify and eliminate non-transformants and selectively permit the growth of transformants. D. To provide multiple cloning sites for various restriction enzymes.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'Selectable marker : In addition to â€˜oriâ€™, the vector requires a selectable marker, which helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants.'

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Which of the following antibiotic resistance genes are commonly used as selectable markers for E. coli?

A. Penicillin and streptomycin B. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol C. Vancomycin and isoniazid D. Cephalexin and erythromycin

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text: 'Normally, the genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc., are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli.'

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What is the primary reason that bacteriophages are considered useful as cloning vectors?

A. They are easily inactivated by common antibiotics. B. They have very high copy numbers of their genome within bacterial cells. C. They cannot replicate independently of the host chromosome. D. They only infect plant cells, not bacterial cells.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'Bacteriophages because of their high number per cell, have very high copy numbers of their genome within the bacterial cells.'

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The Ti plasmid, naturally found in Agrobacterium tumifaciens, is modified to be used as a cloning vector by:

A. Introducing multiple antibiotic resistance genes. B. Removing the T-DNA region responsible for tumor induction. C. Introducing a $\beta$-galactosidase gene. D. Increasing its copy number within the host cell.

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Explanation

While not explicitly stated in the provided excerpt about the modification of Ti plasmid, the text does mention that Agrobacterium delivers T-DNA to induce tumors. A 'better understanding... has generated knowledge to transform these tools of pathogens into useful vectors for delivering genes of interest to humans,' implying that the tumor-inducing capacity would be disarmed for safe use as a vector.

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What is the drawback of selecting recombinants based on the inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes?

A. It results in blue-colored colonies, which are difficult to distinguish. B. It requires heating the bacterial culture to high temperatures. C. It is a cumbersome procedure requiring simultaneous plating on two plates with different antibiotics. D. It leads to reduced copy number of the recombinant DNA.

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Explanation

The NCERT text notes: 'Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics.'

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Which of the following techniques is used to introduce recombinant DNA directly into the nucleus of an animal cell?

A. Biolistics B. Heat shock and ice treatment C. Micro-injection D. Transformation with 'disarmed pathogen' vectors

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'In a method known as micro-injection, recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell.'

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To transfer recombinant DNA into plant cells, which method involves bombarding cells with high velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA?

A. Micro-injection B. Agrobacterium-mediated transfer C. Biolistics (gene gun) D. Heat shock

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Explanation

The NCERT text describes this: 'In another method, suitable for plants, cells are bombarded with high velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA in a method known as biolistics or gene gun.'

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What characteristic of plasmids makes them suitable as cloning vectors?

A. Their inability to replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. B. They are composed solely of RNA. C. Their ability to replicate within bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal DNA. D. Their small size prevents foreign DNA insertion.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'You know that plasmids and bacteriophages have the ability to replicate within bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal DNA.'

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