Practice free Biotechnology Principles and Processes (Zoology) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
The term 'in vitro' in the definition of PCR signifies that the reaction occurs:
The NCERT text states: 'In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest is synthesised in vitro'. 'In vitro' biologically means 'in glass' or, more generally, outside a living organism, typically in a laboratory setting like a test tube.
In forensic science, the ability to perform DNA fingerprinting from a single cell sample is primarily due to:
From 'MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE': 'The sensitivity of the technique has been increased by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR... Consequently, DNA from a single cell is enough to perform DNA fingerprinting analysis.' This clearly indicates that PCR's amplification capability allows the use of very small sample sizes.
If PCR is used to detect very low amounts of a pathogen's nucleic acid, it implies that PCR has high:
The text states: 'very low concentration of a bacteria or virus... can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.' The ability to detect something in low quantities is referred to as sensitivity.
Which of the following describes a 'recombinant protein' in the context of biotechnology?
According to the NCERT text, 'If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is called a recombinant protein.' This clearly defines what a recombinant protein is in the biotechnological context.
After the gene of interest is cloned and expressed, what is the next critical consideration for producing the target protein in biotechnology?
The NCERT text states: 'After having cloned the gene of interest and having optimised the conditions to induce the expression of the target protein, one has to consider producing it on a large scale.' This indicates the immediate next step.
In a continuous culture system for multiplying cells harboring cloned genes, what is the primary purpose of continuously adding fresh medium and draining used medium?
The NCERT text explains: 'The cells can also be multiplied in a continuous culture system wherein the used medium is drained out from one side while fresh medium is added from the other to maintain the cells in their physiologically most active' phase (exponential phase). This maximizes the production of the desired protein.
Which of the following is NOT a general area of application for biotechnology, as described in the context?
The context lists 'Therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production' as applications of biotechnology. Weather forecasting is not mentioned.
What is the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) definition of biotechnology?
The NCERT text explicitly states the EFB definition as: 'The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services'.
Which of the following is a primary step in the downstream processing of a foreign gene product?
One of the provided blurbs mentions: 'The processes include separation and purification, which are' part of downstream processing. The summary also states 'purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.' Option 3 is directly related to downstream processing, which happens after large-scale production.
What is the significance of using bioreactors in biotechnology?
The summary section states: 'Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.' This highlights their role in scaling up production.
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